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Pueblo II Period
The Pueblo II Era (900 to 1150) was the second pueblo period of the Ancestral Puebloans of the Four Corners region of the American southwest. During this period people lived in dwellings made of stone and mortar, enjoyed communal activities in kivas, built towers and water conversing dams, and implemented milling bins for processing maize. Communities with low-yield farms traded pottery with other settlements for maize.
Pueblo II Era (Pecos Classification) is roughly similar to the second half of the "Developmental Pueblo Period" (750 to 1100).
==Architecture==
Villages were larger and more community buildings than in the Pueblo I Era. Structures were generally made of stone masonry. By 1075, double-coursed masonry was sometimes used, which allowed for second story construction.〔(''Pueblo Indian History.'' ) Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. Retrieved 10-9-2011.〕〔Lancaster, James A.; Pinkley, Jean M. (''Excavation at Site 16 of three Pueblo II Mesa-Top Ruins.'' ) Archeological Excavations in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. National Park Service. May 19, 2008. Retrieved 10-9-2011.〕〔Wenger, Gilbert R. ''The Story of Mesa Verde National Park''. Mesa Verde Museum Association, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, 1991 (edition 1980 ). pp. 39-45. ISBN 0-937062-15-4.〕 Homes made of stone were more sturdy and fire-proof than the materials used previously. The grouping of the pueblos were called "unit pueblos".〔(Ancestral Puebloan Chronology (teaching aid).'' ) Mesa Verde National Park, National Park Service. Retrieved 10-16-2011.〕〔Reed, Paul F. (2000) ''Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker Pueblo Transition.'' University of Utah Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-87480-656-9.〕 Some pueblo sites used a standard plan of front and back pairs of rooms which formed a common cluster of 12 rooms; The rear rooms were used for storage and the front rooms used as living areas.〔Stuart, David E.; Moczygemba-McKinsey, Susan B. (2000) ''Anasazi America: Seventeen Centuries on the Road from Center Place.'' University of New Mexico Press. pp. 58-59. ISBN 0-8263-2179-8.〕
Round-shaped, below ground and standardized kivas were used for ceremonial purposes. Large kivas, called great kivas, were built for community celebrations and were sometimes as large as in diameter.〔〔〔 Towers, up to tall, were built with housing clusters, with underground access to a kiva or as look-out posts. Trash mounds were generally placed south of the village.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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